Soft tissue biopsy or excisional devices and methods

ABSTRACT

A device for soft tissue biopsy or excision for either handheld or stereotactic table use may comprise a work element configured to selectively open and close at least one articulable beak configured to penetrate tissue, or follow a central lumen of another device or over a wire in a longitudinal direction. Flush and vacuum tissue transport mechanisms may be incorporated. A single tube or an inner sheath and an outer sheath which may be co-axially disposed relative to a work element may be configured to actuate a beak or beaks and provisions for simultaneous beak closing under rotation may be incorporated.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of ProvisionalApplication No. 62/052,070, filed Sep. 18, 2014, which application ishereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Embodiments relate to medical devices and methods. More particularly,embodiments relate to hand-held or mounted single insertion, single ormultiple soft tissue biopsy or excisional devices and correspondingmethods for sampling materials such as soft tissue samples. Embodimentsfurther relate to improvements over currently used fine needleaspiration systems, specifically in providing minimally invasive andmore reliable aspiration, biopsy or excisional devices and methods.

SUMMARY

Embodiments are drawn to various medical devices and methods that areused for aspiration and soft tissue biopsy procedures. According to oneembodiment, a soft tissue aspiration and biopsy device may be configuredto remove liquids, semi-solids and single or multiple biopsy samplesduring a single insertion through the skin (percutaneous procedure) intoany soft tissue area of the body. Embodiments may comprise structuresand functionality for different phases of a multi-phase biopsyprocedure, which may be performed by hand or by device attachment to astereotactic table stage or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) stage,including inserting a device through the central lumen of anothercompatible biopsy device. Embodiments of a soft tissue biopsy device,along with associated related subcomponents described herein, mayprovide the capability to retrieve solid, contiguous and/or fragmentedsoft tissues as well as liquid and semi-solid tissues for analysis,diagnosis and treatment and exhibit improvements in functionality andperformance relative to present devices and methods for carrying outfine needle aspiration and cavity wall sampling. Embodiments may beconfigured to be portable, disposable or reusable and may be, forexample, electrically-, mechanically-, hydraulically-, pneumatically-and/or manually-powered and operated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective side view of an excisional or soft tissue biopsydevice, according to one embodiment;

FIGS. 2A and 2B show details of a work element, according to oneembodiment;

FIG. 3 is a view of a twin beak work assembly with an outer sheathattached, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a view of a twin beak work assembly with an attached andelongated flexible body portion extension, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 5 shows a monolithic beak assembly of an excisional devicecomprising an outer sheath, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows a top-down perspective view of various details of anactuation mechanism inside the handle of an excisional device, accordingto one embodiment.

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of an excisional device with its topunlatched, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows a top down view of an excisional device with its lid open,according to one embodiment.

FIG. 9 shows a side view of an alternative handle mechanism of anexcisional device with its top closed, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 10 shows a view from the bottom looking upwards of a single beakwork assembly of an excisional device according to one embodiment.

FIG. 11 shows a side view of a single beak work assembly in dashed linesinside a scoopula, both of an excisional device according to oneembodiment.

FIG. 12 shows a view from the bottom looking upwards at a scoopula witha single beak working element partially rotated (in side view, dashedlines) within a scoopula element both of an excisional device accordingto one embodiment.

FIG. 13 shows a view from the bottom looking up of a scoopula of anexcisional device with its activation slot partially dashed to indicateits position on the top side of a scoopula of an excisional deviceaccording to one embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a view of a twin beak work assembly with an outer sheathattached, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a view of an outer sheath with its activation slot shownaccording to one embodiment.

FIG. 16 shows a monolithic beak assembly of an excisional device with anouter sheath over it, in two positions, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a method according to one embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a method according to one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the construction and operationof implementations of the embodiments illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. The following description is only exemplary of the embodimentsdescribed and shown herein. The embodiments, therefore, are not limitedto these implementations, but may be realized by other implementations.

According to embodiments, a device for soft tissue biopsy or tissueexcision may be configured to remove tissue, and may have a range ofwork element diameters ranging from, for example, approximately 21 gaugeto 8 gauge, or other appropriate dimensions. According to embodiments,an excisional device may be composed of a single tube or a single tubeat least partially disposed within a coaxially-disposed outer tube,which outer tube may comprise a fixed or removable distal scoopula. Thecoaxially-disposed outer tube, according to one embodiment, may consistof or comprise one or more coatings. According to one embodiment, theouter tube may be composed of or comprise a stainless steel hypodermictubing (“hypo tube”. Such a stainless hypo tube, according to oneembodiment, may be provided with (e.g., laser) cuts to define amonolithic distal assembly that defines one or more work elements suchas beaks, a living hinge that attaches the beak(s) to the generallytubular body of the device or that homogeneously spans between thebeak(s) and the generally tubular body of the device. According to oneembodiment, cuts in the hypo tube may define one or more tendonsconfigured to actuate the beak(s). The cuts in the hypo tube may alsodefine one or more tendon actuation tabs that enable actuation (e.g.,opening and closing) the beak(s) through the tendons and limit thetravel thereof. The tendon actuator tab(s) may be located at anylocation along the length of the hypo tube. According to one embodiment,the tube may be rigid. According to another embodiment, the tube may beflexible over its entire length or one or more portions thereof. Thedevice may also be made of materials other than stainless steel, such asplastics or other suitable materials, which may incorporate the featuresof the beak(s), tendon(s), and, according to embodiments, tendonactuation tab(s) or an internal tube actuator element.

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of an excisional device 10. As shown, FIG. 1shows an actuating lever 11 coupled to a pivot pin 19 that extendsthrough a handle 12, a work element 13, a detachable top cover 14, and a(e.g., luer-type) connection element 15 at the proximal end of the workelement, which connection element may be connected to a vacuum or flushor liquid dye system (not shown).

FIGS. 2A and 2B show details of a work element 13, according to oneembodiment. As shown in FIG. 2A, the work element may be, according toone embodiment, a monolithic structure formed from a single stainlesssteel hypo-tube, with laser cuts such as the kerf (created by a laser,for example) shown at 461 to define movable elements such as one or morebeaks 452 and 454, a living hinge or hinges 458, a body portion 428,tendons 470 connected to the beaks, and a tendon actuation tab 469. Alsoshown are cutouts 466 which allow for the beaks to flex inwardly to aclosed configuration and outwardly to an open configuration. Accordingto one embodiment, the beaks 452, 454 are biased in the openconfiguration. From FIGS. 2A and 2B, it can be seen that if aproximally-directed axial force (i.e., in the direction of arrow 202) isapplied to the tendon actuation tab 469, the beak or beaks 452, 454 willclose by flexion of the living hinge 458 that attaches the beaks 452,454 to the body portion 428 of the work element 13. The beaks may besharpened at their distal tips or all along the entirety or a portion oftheir outer edges such as at 468, including the edges of the tendons 468and 470, according to one embodiment. It should be noted that accordingto one embodiment, only one beak and associated living hinge andtendon(s) may be incorporated into the work element 13. In that case,actuation of the tendon actuation tab 469 will cause the single beak toclose against an opposing structure such as, for example, an oppositefixed beak or a body portion distal extension such as a scoopula.

Reference is now made to the proximal end of the work element 13referenced by numeral 467, another view of which is shown in FIG. 2B.Therein, a body portion 428 of a work element 13 may be mechanicallycoupled to tendon actuating tab 469 at the proximal end of work element13. Note that a tendon actuating tab 469, from the embodiment of FIGS.2A and 2B, is already coupled to a body portion 428 through tendons 468,470, toward the distal end of a work element 13. That is, an entire workelement 13 may be formed of a single homogeneous piece of material—suchas from a single hollow tube that is (for example) laser-cut to form thestructures shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Two beaks are shown. It is to beunderstood, however, that such need not be the case, as a work element13 may comprise multiple beaks or a single beak that acts against anon-moveable part, such as a fixed trough-shaped distal portion of adistal sheath or against a fixed, opposing beak that is part of a workelement 13 itself.

With continued reference to FIG. 2B, the body portion 428 may be seen,as well as the tendon actuation tab 469. As shown, the proximal portionof work element 13 may comprise a spring or resilient section 427 andpositioning holes 292A and 292B. One embodiment comprises a resilientmember 427 having one end thereof coupled to a tendon actuating tab 469and another end thereof coupled to a proximal portion of the workelement 13. Such a resilient member 427 may be configured to bias thebeak or beaks of a work element 13 in the open configuration, such thata sufficiently great proximally-directed force applied to a tendonactuating tab 469 tends to close the beak or beaks. Conversely, releaseof such proximally-directed force causes a resilient member 427 torelease the energy stored during the compression thereof and return toits less-compressed, thereby exerting a distally-directed force on atendon actuating tab 469, which causes a beak or beaks to return to itsor their default open configuration. Also shown in FIG. 2B, attachmentor positioning holes 292A and 292B may be provided on body portion 428and on tendon actuating tab 469, respectively. Such attachment orpositioning holes 292 may, according to one embodiment, indicate thelocation of, for example, spot welds, as detailed below.

It should be noted that the tendon actuation element or elements 469 maybe located at the extreme proximal end of the tube, which may be of anysuitable length, such as, for example only, anywhere from 4 to 8 inchesin length. According to embodiments, the work element 13 may be coatedwith an exterior coating, or may be placed into an external tube, whichmay serve to actuate the tendon actuation tab as described furtherherein.

The shape of sharp cutting elements or beaks in work element 13, such asthe embodiment thereof shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, for example, providessubstantial support vectors for all movements required of such cuttingblades during rotation, opening/closing and axial motions (not shown).Using the nomenclature of FIG. 1 in particular, this embodiment enablessharp cutting elements of beak or work element 13 to be made extremelythin, which fulfills a requirement that for any given outer radialdimension of a tubular coring structure, including a cutting beakassembly (see also FIG. 1), the caliber of the core sample retrievedfrom the patient should be as large as possible. The shape(s) of sharpcutting elements of beak work element 13 specified for use in coring andpart-off, according to embodiments, enable the device 10 to obtain afull diameter (with respect to the diameter of the work element 13, forexample) core sample, and in fact larger than full diameter, which maybe desirable in order to compress, “stuff”, or pack in as much tissuesample as possible into a tubular coring assembly. Coring of a largerthan full diameter tissue sample may prove advantageous from diagnosticand clinical standpoints, by providing more sample (not shown) foranalysis or by removing as much of the target tissue as possible duringa single excision.

According to one embodiment, articulable beak(s) may be generallydescribed as being or comprising one or more hyperbolic segments of oneor more sections of a hollow cylinder, such as a hypo tube. Variationsincluding complex curves may be incorporated into the shape ofarticulable beak(s), to optimize function in different sections of theedges of articulable beaks. Moreover, first and second articulablebeaks, according to embodiments, may have slightly different shapes fromone another. The angle formed by the distal portion of first and secondarticulable beaks may be, for example, from about 5 to 50 degrees, withthe relative term “about” corresponding to 10%, for example. Accordingto one embodiment, the angle may be between about 10 and 30 degrees.According to another embodiment, the angle formed by the distal portionof first and second articulable beaks may be about 18 degrees.

Note that, according to one embodiment, an entire work element,including first, or first and second (or multiple) articulable beaks 452and 454, along with their first and second tendons, beak actuationmechanism 469, living hinges 458 (as shown in FIG. 2A) connecting firstand second articulable beaks to a body portion of a work element, andtravel limiter structures may together be a single monolithic structureformed of a same material that may be (e.g., laser-) cut from, forexample, a single solid hypo tube. That is, these structures may beformed together of a same piece of unbroken homogeneous material.

FIG. 3 is a view of a two beak work assembly, according to embodiments.FIG. 3 shows components of a work element 13 (comprising, body portion428, one of the tendon actuation elements or tabs 469 and first andsecond articulable beaks 602, 604. The work element 13 may bemechanically coupled to a proximal sheath 584 as an extension of thetubular structure. As suggested at 586, 588 and at 587, 589, a proximalsheath 584 may be spot-welded to the work element 13 in such a manner asto enable differential motion of the body portion 428 of the workelement 13 relative to the tendon actuating tabs 469 thereof when thehelical element 585 compresses and extends, which differential motionactuates (e.g., opens and closes) first and second articulable beaks602, 604. Significantly, the attachment of the proximal sheath 584 toboth the body portion 428 and to tendon actuating tabs 469 of the workelement 13 results in substantially equal torque being imposed on theconstituent elements of a work element under rotation, therebymaintaining the structural integrity of the work element 13as it is usedand as first and second articulable beaks 602, 604 cut through variablydense, fibrous and/or vascularized tissues.

FIG. 4 is a view of a work element 13 comprising a multiple beak 602,604 assembly, according to one embodiment. FIG. 4 shows a body portion428, tendon actuation element 469 and first and second articulable beaks602, 604 of a work element 13, together with an attached flexibleextension element 582, which may simply be an elongation of the bodyportion 428 and continuous with regard to its structure. An outersheath, if desired, may be added but is not visible in this view. Asshown, a flexible extension element 582 may be co-axially disposedrelative to the body portion 428 of work element 13 and may be of thesame or substantially the same diameter. As noted above, the workelement 13 and the extension element 582 may be formed of, or cut from,a single piece of material such as, for example, a stainless steel hypotube. According to another embodiment, the flexible extension element582 may be of a different diameter than the body portion 428.

One embodiment of the present material delivery or removal device 10, asshown in the figures, may be implemented in a hand-held configurationcomprising an ergonomically comfortable and secure handle 12 (as shownin FIG. 1) at its proximal end. Work element 13 may extend from thehandle 12 so that the material delivery or removal device 10 may beeasily grasped, directed and operated with one hand while the other handis free to hold a guiding probe such as an ultrasound transducer.However, it is to be understood that embodiments may readily beconfigured to fit onto any number of guiding devices such as astereotactic imaging stage or other guidance modality such as MRI (notshown). As shown, one embodiment of the material delivery or removaldevice 10 may comprise one or more sharp elements 13 (herein,alternatively and collectively referred to as “work element”, “beak”,“beak assembly” or “beak element” or “beak elements”) projecting forwarddistally from the handle 12 for the purpose of forward penetration,coring and parting off of cored tissue in a simple forward motionprocedure. As shown, one embodiment may comprise a distally-disposedbeak work element 13 that may comprise one or more sharp cutting tipblades to penetrate to the target site of the intended excision. Theability of the present material delivery or removal device 10 torepeatedly retrieve multiple materials during a single insertion may beaugmented with an external vacuum source (not shown). The entire device10 may be configured to be disposable or may be configured to bereusable in whole or in part.

According to one embodiment, a method of carrying out a biopsy orexcisional procedure may be preceded by procedures including, forexample, imaging the tissue of the organ or structure of interest andidentifying the target lesion(s) or tissue to be biopsied or excised.The skin may then be cleansed using sterile techniques, and the patientmay be draped and anesthetics may be delivered. The distal tip of thepresent device 10 may then be introduced through a skin nick incision.According to one embodiment, a guiding element may be provided coaxialwith, in tandem with or adjacent to the long axis of elements of thedevice, such as the work element 13. Alternatively, the guiding elementmay be a completely separate or separable entity, such as a removableouter sheath, with or without a scoopula-shaped distal portion that mayfunction as a locating tube. Such a locating tube may be pre-placed byan operator skilled in imaging and targeting and fixed in place near orwithin the target tissue. After placement and fixation, an operator maythen proceed by advancing the device 10 over a previously preciselyplaced and anchored guiding element to the target tissue site. Tissuepenetration to the target site may be carried out with the work element13 in an open or closed configuration (that is, the beak or beaks may beopen or closed), which may be selected by the operator. Since the device10, according to one embodiments, may be provided with aspirationthrough its central lumen, the proximally directed force generated bysuch suction will tend to draw cored tissue into the aforementionedcentral lumen, and may further allow the tissue to be collected at theproximal end of the device 10 after the beak(s) have closed and partedoff the tissue.

The device 10 may be advanced percutaneously to the target tissue siteand fluids or anesthetics may be delivered through the central lumenthereof during that process. An optional delivery stage may also beinitiated, to deliver, for example, the contents of a preloadedcartridge comprising tracer elements like visible dyes, echo-enhancingmaterials and/or radioactive brachytherapy or tracer elements, orothers, for example. Medications such as epinephrine or anestheticswhich may be delivered at any stage of the procedure either directlythrough open beaks, through the living hinges of closed beaks or via areverse flow from a flush system built into the device, according toembodiments. Tissue samples or excised tissue may then be taken. Thecutting beak assembly of embodiments of the devices may be used, withoutalteration of their shape, attachment or any other modification, topenetrate tissue on approach to a target lesion or site. The one or morearticulable beaks of work element 13 may then be used to open and corethe tissue specimen, and to thereafter part-off the specimen at the endof the coring stage. The parted-off pieces of tissue may be collected inthe central lumen of the device. Vacuum may be used for tissue and fluidaspiration through a connection at the proximal end of the device, asshown in FIG. 1. Fluid flushes containing material from the tissue sitemay be collected by aspiration to be discarded or saved for latercytological analysis.

It is to be understood that the above description is but one exemplarymethodology and that one or more of the steps described above may beomitted, while other steps may be added thereto, depending on the targetsite within the body or other operator methodologies. The order of someof the steps may be changed, according to the procedure.

FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of the present excisional device's workassembly. In FIG. 5, an outer sheath 330 has been fitted over anassembly comprising a monolithic beak work element 13. For example, anouter sheath 330 may comprise polyimide or may comprise or be formed ofstainless steel. An outer sheath 330 may further be configured to beremovable and may incorporate features such as an elongatedscoopula-shaped extremity. An outer sheath 330 may extend distally tobeaks of a monolithic beak work element 13, may expose a greaterproportion of a monolithic beak work element 13 or may cover asignificant portion of beaks, which may be controlled during use,according to embodiments. In one embodiment, a simple collar attached tothe tendon actuation tab of the work element may be acted upon by theshoulder element 332 of the outer tube to actuate the beak or beaks, ormay act upon the increased outer diameter of the proximal sheath of FIG.3, for example.

According to one embodiment, an entire assembly of split tube, beak,living hinge and tendons may be formed of a single tube that may be, forexample, laser cut (not shown, but easily envisioned wherein the lowerhalf, for example, continues to become the body portion of a beakassembly and the upper half of the split tube continues to become atendon actuating member, or vice versa).

Flush and liquid/solid materials delivery mechanisms may be incorporatedinto the device 10, according to embodiments, to aid in tissue transportto, for example, a transfer magazine, flush collection bag or bottle(not shown). A suitable transfer magazine and other structures aredisclosed in co-pending and commonly assigned U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/050,771 entitled “SOFT TISSUE CORING BIOSPY DEVICES ANDMETHODS”, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated hereinin its entirety. Flush fluids and other materials may also be deliveredto the tissue site through the central lumen of the device 10, withbeak(s) in the closed configuration (as described for liquids under FIG.2A above through living hinge slots) or in the open configuration,according to embodiments. As previously described, fluids, solids andother materials may be delivered to the tissue site through the centrallumen of the device 10, and various slots and mechanisms such as theopen beak(s) may be used in conjunction with flush fluids to gather andtransport cells and liquids from the tissue site for later cytologicalanalysis.

FIG. 6 illustrates a top view of device 10, with its top 14 removed toshow the inner structures thereof, according to one embodiment. Asshown, FIG. 6 shows the work element 13 lying in a semi-circular troughwithin the handle 12. According to one embodiment, the handle 12 may beconfigured such as to allow drop-in replaceable work elements orassemblies 13 through the open top of handle 12, according toembodiments. Also shown in this figure are two circular dogs, one ofwhich, dog element 16, acts as a thrust bearing, allowing rotation. Dogelement 16, in the implementation shown in FIG. 6, is connected to thetendon actuation tab 469 of the work element 10 if the work element is asingle tube (as shown in FIG. 2A), or on the outer tube (which ifpresent may act on the tendon actuation tab where the work element iscomposed of an inner and outer tube, according to embodiments). This dogelement 16 is constrained from moving axially distally or proximally bybulkheads fore and aft in the body of the handle 12 and may contain an Oring or other sealing mechanism against the outside circumference of theinner tube assembly, according to one embodiment. The thrust bearings ordogs 16 and 17 may be fixed to their respective elements of the workelement 13 by adhesive or other appropriate fixation mechanism. Dogelement 17 serves as a thrust bearing allowing rotational and axialmovement and is attached either to the body portion of the work element13 in a single tube work element embodiment, or to the inner tube of thework element, if present, according to embodiments. It should be notedthat each of the dog elements 16, 17 comprises an extended half shaft ofsemi-circular or other form that work in concert to ensure that anyrotation of the thrust bearings is coordinated while allowing axialmotion, one relative to the other. The full travel from extendedposition to fully closed axial position of the two half shafts definethe distance necessary to move the tendon actuation tab 469 to open andclose the beaks 452, 454 or 602, 604, including an over center openingposition or an over center closed position, according to one embodiment.Thus, a distally-directed thrusting force of the top extension of thelever 11 rotating on its pin 19 will cause the beaks 452, 454 or 602,604 to close, and relaxing that force will allow the beaks to open,aided by spring ore resilient element 18 between the dog elements 16 and17, according to one embodiment. According to another embodiment, springelement 18 may not be present or may be replaced by a flexible coatingbetween the dog element half shafts, and the force opening the beaks maybe realized as a result of the resilient member 427 shown in FIG. 2B. Inone embodiment, application of a suction force at the proximal end ofthe device may be sufficient to close the beaks 452, 454 or 602, 604 atthe distal end of work element 13. Such force may be easily envisionedby attaching a syringe, for example, to the Luer connection 15 at theproximal end of the device shown in FIG. 1. Further, if a system of twoone-way valves are incorporated into a (closed-chamber type)syringe/valve combination suction device, action on the syringe ineither direction will serve to increase and maintain vacuum in thecentral lumen of the device, according to one embodiment. Furthermore,actuating lever 11 of FIG. 7 or some other control may be used toselectively apply the suction force to cause the one or more beaks ofthe work element to flex and assume their open or closed configurations.In such an embodiment, application of the suction force may cause theone or more beaks to assume the closed configuration, whereas reducingor shutting off the vacuum causes the suction force to decrease, therebycausing the beak or beaks to assume their open configuration.

In certain clinical situations, it may be desirable to introduce asolvent into an area (may be simply water or saline for example, or mayincorporate agents that provide local anesthetic or bleeding controlagents or others) such that cells, tissue and thick, viscous liquids orsemi-solids may be bathed in such a solvent in order to facilitatetransport. In such a situation, it may be desirable to aspiratesimultaneously with introduction of fluids for this purpose. Inconjunction with the working elements of embodiments of a devicedescribed herein, a closed-chamber type syringe may be equipped withsuitable valve and tubing elements to permit single plunger action toperform both functions simultaneously. This may also be accomplishedwith dual plunger, single syringe equipment for example (not shown).

In addition to directly providing a distally-directed axial force toactuate the beak(s) 452, 454 or 602, 604 of work element or assembly 13,the circular dog element 17's rear face may have a circular rampincorporated, according to embodiments. As shown in this figure, theforward facing tip of the actuating lever 11 may comprise a roller,which engages the circular ramp. In this embodiment, forward axialpressure exerted on the circular dog 17 not only serves to close thebeak(s) of work element 13, but also imparts a simultaneous twist actionor motion on the work element 13, amounting to, in this illustration,nearly one full revolution. The ramp feature may be extended orrestricted to allow more or less revolutions before, during and evenafter the beak closing action, which may be accomplished by varying suchelements interaction as those associated with the spring strength,length of the dog half shafts (which define the full range of beakopening and closing travel desired), length and pitch of the circularramp, and number of turns on the circular ramp, according toembodiments. This twisting action or motion imparted to the work element13 during beak closing may aid in parting off tissue to be excised. Itshould be noted that when pressure from lever 11 is relaxed, thecircular ramp of dog element 17 will again rotate in the oppositedirection simultaneously with beak opening of work element 13. Accordingto one embodiment, dog element 17 may incorporate a wind-up type springto aid in counter-rotation back to the dog 17's home position. A simplesliding lock mechanism may be used to prevent rotation of dog element17. Alternatively, a simple friction brake mechanism may be provided toretard the rotation of the work element 13 to match a desired forwardaxial movement to rotation degree ratio, according to one embodiment.According to a further embodiment dog element 17 may extend externallythrough the handle 12, which allows an operator to manually twist thework element, or open and close the beaks of the work element, which mayaid in penetration, coring or parting off of difficult (e.g., densefibrous) tissue. Alternatively, an operator may simply rotate the dogelement 17 counterclockwise so that the actuating lever 11 rests in itsfarthest distal point on the circular ramp, and in that mode, beakactuation may be performed without any concurrent twisting motion.

According one embodiment, the dog elements may comprise of collarsattached to body portion and tendon actuation tabs; outer tube. In suchan embodiment, no provision is made for twisting as beak opening orclosing occurs. In this implementation, the operator's fingers mayactuate the dog elements 16, 17 manually, providing relative axialmovement between the two, or a simple scissors-action type clamp mayactuate the collars to open or close the beaks as desired. Anotherembodiment may feature a tubular shaped handle 12, with a simpleprotrusion to operate the proximal dog or collar to actuate the beak(s),and such a mechanism may also include a provision for a circular ramp orother mechanism to impart a twisting motion during beak actuation. Asliding lock may also be provided to enable the beaks of the workelement 13 to be locked in an open or closed position, as desired.Additionally, work element 13 may be configured with various externalfeatures, such as a spiral pattern to aid in tissue penetration.Similarly, the inner lumen of the work element 13 and/or other lumensthrough which cut tissue travels, may be provided with surface featuresor rifling, to aid in tissue transport in the proximal direction (i.e.,towards the operator). Tissue penetration to a target sample site may bein either beak(s) open or beak(s) closed mode, at the operator'sdiscretion.

FIG. 7 is a side view of a biopsy device 10, according to oneembodiment. In this view, the lever 11 may be seen in internal profile(by the dashed lines) with its pivot pin 19 and return spring, and thework element 13 with its dog elements 16 and 17 and spring element 18.The top or cap element 14 with its latch mechanism has been displaced toillustrate the ease of dropping in replaceable parts (including, forexample, work element 13, actuation mechanism 16, 17 and 18 and/or anyof the structures described relative to FIG. 6) to the reusable handle12 as desired by an operator. With the cap element 14 removed, a workelement with its corresponding dog elements 16, 17 may be simply droppedinto place and the top or cap element 14 may be replaced.

FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of an open-top device 10 accordingto one embodiment. As shown, the device 10 may comprise work element 13lying in a semi-circular trough within the handle 12 as well as scoopulaouter sheath 50 53 fixed with respect to rotation and axial orlongitudinal translation to handle 12. It should be noted that theremovable cover or 14 of FIG. 1 has been opened sideways, and that thehandle contains provisions to drop in replaceable work elements orassemblies 13 through the open top of handle 12. The embodiment shown inFIG. 8 comprises a mechanism that is activated by pressing downwards ona thumb slide 11, which rotates an inner beak or beaks work assembly 13,causing it to also translate forwards (distally, away from the operator)and to occlude completely with and close down upon the outer sheathscoopula 50. The outer sheath scoopula 50 is fixed to handle 12 to adegree sufficient such that it neither translates nor rotates. Shown insubsequent figures is a slot 53 in the scoopula sheath 50 that enablesthe inner working beak assembly of work element 13 to rotate whiletranslating forwards and backwards, carrying itself in those directionssimultaneous with rotation, and, at the most distal end of itstranslation, to close down and occlude against the distal portion of thescoopula 50, causing a parting off of any tissue or substances thatremain attached to the host material.

FIG. 9 shows a side view of the device 10 of FIG. 8. Indeed, FIG. 9shows thumb slide 11 nearly at the end of its travel, compressing returnspring 18 nearly fully. Also shown is a locking slot extension 55 at thebottom of the slot as well as at the top of the slot. When the thumbslide 11 is at the top of the slot in this view, the working single beakof work element 13 is retracted to the proximal opening of the scoopulaelement 50 and the single beak of work element 13 with its living hingeand tendons is nested at the bottom inner surface of the scoopula 50,providing maximum streamlining and minimum frontal area as the device isadvanced into hard, soft or cystic tissues. Once in the desiredlocation, pressing down on thumb slide 11 forces, via its attachmentcollar 52, the single beak of work element 13 to translate forward thelength of the scoopula 50 opening 56 while rotating, and upon reachingthe distal tip, forward excursion of the tendon bases are slowed by theslot 53 in the scoopula (shown in detail in later illustrations), whilerotation is allowed to continue until a point where simultaneous forwardexcursion and rotation are stopped as deter mined by the geometry of theslot 53 in the scoopula. The combination of forward excursion of thetendons slowing as determined by rivet 51 following slot 53 pathwaygeometry during continued rotation of the entire inner tube/working beakassembly, followed by both excursion and rotation coming to a completehalt at the termination of slot 53 simultaneous with or just aftersimultaneously to exert increased pressure against scoopula 50'ssurface(s)/edge(s) with, complete occlusion of the single beak edgeswith the scoopula inner surface/edge, completes the cycle of rotation,forward excursion and parting-off. Significantly, this embodimentenables, for a same minimized diameter, a larger opening due to thelongitudinal opening area being added to the cross-sectional areathrough which sticky fluids, semi-solids and solids may travel, takingadvantage of an increase in length of the opening 56 as opposed tosimply increasing diameter, to increase the total opening area.

FIG. 10 shows details of components configured to enable thefunctionality described above relative to FIGS. 8 and 9. As shown, thesingle beak working element with its tendons 468, may be attached to abutton rivet 51 that rides in the slot 53 formed in the wall of thescoopula 50, as shown in FIG. 11. Forcing the rivet to ride in the slot53 in the scoopula entrains the working element 13 in both rotation anddistally-directed translation. The geometry of the slot may beconfigured to hold the tendons back in forward excursion at a point justbefore the working element reaches the distal end of the scoopula. Boththe tendons and the rest of the tube including the backbone/living hingeelements stop their rotation at the same time at the point where flexingof the living hinge backbone enables the single beak to rest fin againstthe scoopula. Moving the rivet head 51 back along the curved spiral slotin the scoopula resets the beak assembly of work element 13 open,retracted and rotated back again to nest against the inner wall of thescoopula 50, aligned with its inner wall. FIG. 11 shows the inner beakin this nested position, while FIG. 12 shows the working beak elementabout halfway around its rotation cycle as well as just over halfwayalong its distal translation. FIG. 13 shows the scoopula element byitself for clarity, the proximal extent of its typical opening 56indicated by way of example, by a dashed line just ahead of the spiralactivation groove.

FIG. 14 shows all the elements described previously as in FIG. 3,included again here for reference. FIG. 15 shows an outer sheath tube590 with a set of activation slots 53 similar to the single slot 53described in reference to FIG. 13. The second slot is not shown in theseillustrations for simplicity. FIG. 15 shows one embodiment in which thedistal end of outer tube 590 is a sharpened rim rather than a scoopula,for the purposes of interacting most optimally with more than a singlebeak in the work assembly 13. Otherwise, the slot elements perform thesame function in that they determine the translation extent of elements469 as well as the rotation extent of the working beaks assembly,including 469. 602, 604 and 428 for example. The slots in the outersheath tube then, allow unsheathing of the beak elements for thepurposes of severing any tissue that may remain attached to its hostmatrix. The handle shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 may be the same for themulti-beak working element as for the scoopula/single beak tubecomponents, enabling both working tube element configurations to be usedwith the same handle. In one embodiment, tube sets can be packagedtogether with trigger/collar assembly 11 and simply dropped into handle12, which may be reusable or disposable.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a method according to one embodiment. As showntherein, Block B171 calls for providing a device that comprising a workelement configured to cut tissue and that is formed from a single tubeof material defining a lumen. The work element comprises at least one(i.e., one or more) articulable beaks and a handle portion comprising anactuating lever operatively coupled to the work element to selectivelycause the articulable beak(s) to assume an open or closed configuration.Block B172 calls for inserting at least a portion of the work elementinto tissue. Tissue may then be cut, as shown at B173, with articulablebeak(s) in the open configuration. At least some of the cut tissueenters within the lumen or within the articulable beak(s). Finally,Block B174 calls for parting off the cut tissue by actuating theactuating lever to cause the articulable beak(s) to assume the closedconfiguration and separate the cut tissue from surrounding tissue.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a method according to one embodiment. Asshown, B181 calls for providing a device comprising an outer tubedefining a proximal end and a distal end and a work element disposedwithin the outer tube and configured to cut tissue. As shown, the workelement comprises at least one (i.e., one or more) articulable beaksconfigured to assume an open or a closed configuration. Block B182 callsfor inserting the provided device into tissue. Tissue may then be cut,as shown at B183, by causing the work element to travel toward thedistal end of the outer tube while rotating with the at least onearticulable beak in the open configuration. Finally, as shown at B184,tissue may be parted off by causing the articulable beak(s) to assumethe closed configuration at or near the distal end of the first tube.

The described embodiments may be formed of or comprise one or morebiocompatible materials such as, for example, stainless steel or otherbiocompatible alloys, and may be made of, comprise or be coated withpolymers and/or biopolymer materials as needed to optimize function(s).For example, the cutting elements (such as the constituent elements of awork element 13) may comprise or be made of hardened alloys or carbonfiber or other polymers or plastics, and may be additionally coated witha slippery material or materials to thereby optimize passage throughliving tissues of a variety of consistencies and frictions. Some of thecomponents may be purposely surface-treated differentially with respectto adjacent components, as may be inferred herein in reference to atransporting tubular and storage component (not shown). The variousinternal or external components may be made of any suitable,commercially available materials such as nylons, polymers such asmoldable plastics, and others. The handle may be configured in such away as to make it easily adaptable to one of any number of existingguiding platforms, such as stereotactic table statues. The materialsused in the present material delivery or removal device may also becarefully selected from a Ferro-magnetic standpoint, such that thepresent material delivery or removal device maintains compatibility withmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment that is commonly used formaterial delivery or removal procedures. Vacuum/delivery assemblycomponents may comprise commercially available vacuum pumps, syringesand tubing for connecting to the present material delivery or removaldevice, along with readily available reed valves for switching betweensuction and emptying of materials such as fluids which may be suctionedby vacuum components. The fluids collected by the embodiments of thepresent device in this manner may then be ejected into an additionalexternal, yet portable, liquid storage vessel connected to the tubing ofthe present device, for safe keeping and laboratory cellular analysis.

While certain embodiments of the disclosure have been described, theseembodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are notintended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the novelmethods, devices and systems described herein may be embodied in avariety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutionsand changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein maybe made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. Theaccompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover suchforms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of thedisclosure. For example, those skilled in the art will appreciate thatin various embodiments, the actual physical and logical structures maydiffer from those shown in the figures. Depending on the embodiment,certain steps described in the example above may be removed, and othersmay be added. Also, the features and attributes of the specificembodiments disclosed above may be combined in different ways to formadditional embodiments, all of which fall within the scope of thepresent disclosure. Although the present disclosure provides certainpreferred embodiments and applications, other embodiments that areapparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, including embodimentswhich do not provide all of the features and advantages set forthherein, are also within the scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, thescope of the present disclosure is intended to be defined only byreference to the appended claims.

1-29. (canceled)
 30. A method, comprising: providing a device comprisinga work element configured to cut tissue and formed from a single tube ofmaterial that defines a lumen, the work element comprising at least onearticulable beak and a handle portion comprising an actuating leveroperatively coupled to the work element to selectively cause the atleast one articulable beak to assume an open or closed configuration;inserting at least a portion of the work element into tissue; cuttingtissue with the at least one articulable beak in the open configuration,at least some of the cut tissue entering within the lumen; and partingoff the cut tissue by actuating the actuating lever to cause the atleast one articulable beak to assume the closed configuration andseparate the cut tissue from surrounding tissue.
 31. The method of claim30, further comprising imparting a twist on the work element as the atleast one articulable beak is caused to assume the closed configuration.32. The method of claim 30, further comprising, after inserting,advancing the work element toward the tissue to be cut and coring tissuealong the way with the at least one articulable beak in the openconfiguration.
 33. The method of claim 30, further comprising, afterinserting, advancing the work element toward the tissue to be cut bydissecting tissue along the way with the at least one articulable beakin the closed configuration
 34. (canceled)
 35. The method of claim 30,further comprising delivering a material to the tissue through the workelement.
 36. (canceled)
 37. The method of claim 30, wherein at leastcutting and parting off is carried out under visualization. 38.(canceled)
 39. The method of claim 31, wherein the twisting motion isimparted as the cut tissue is being parted off.
 40. The method of claim31, further comprising manually controlling an amount of the twistingmotion imparted on the work element.
 41. (canceled)
 42. A device,comprising: an outer tube defining a proximal end and a distal end; awork element configured to cut tissue and comprising at least onearticulable beak configured to assume an open or a closed configuration,the work element being disposed within the outer tube; and an actuationassembly configured to cause the work element to travel toward thedistal end of the outer tube while rotating with the at least one beakin the open configuration and to cause the at least one articulable beakto assume the closed configuration at or near the distal end of theouter tube.
 43. (canceled)
 44. (canceled)
 45. The device of claim 42,wherein the at least one articulable beak is configured to part-offtissue upon assuming the closed configuration.
 46. The device of claim42, wherein the work element comprises a first articulable beak and asecond articulable beak and wherein the closed configuration in one inwhich at least one of the first and second articulable beaks closeagainst the other one of the first and second articulable beaks.
 47. Thedevice of claim 42, wherein the distal end of the tube comprises ascoopula-shaped portion and wherein the at least one articulable beak isconfigured to press against the scoopula-shaped portion as it assumesthe closed configuration.
 48. (canceled)
 49. The device of claim 42,further comprising a curved slot defined in the outer tube and a rivetelement coupled to the work element, wherein the rivet element isconfigured to entrain the work element in both rotation and translationas the rivet is moved along a path defined by the curved slot.
 50. Thedevice of claim 42, wherein further comprising at least one tendoncoupled to the at least one articulable beak, the at least one tendoncausing the at least first articulable beak to close when the workelement is at or near the distal end of the outer tube.
 51. (canceled)52. The device of claim 42, wherein the work element is formed of asingle tube of material from which material is removed to form the atleast one articulable beak.
 53. A method, comprising: providing devicecomprising an outer tube defining a proximal end and a distal end, awork element disposed within the outer tube and configured to cuttissue, the work element comprising at least one articulable beakconfigured to assume an open or a closed configuration; inserting theprovided device into tissue; cutting tissue by causing the work elementto travel toward the distal end of the outer tube while rotating withthe at least one articulable beak in the open configuration; and partingoff tissue by causing the at least one articulable beak to assume theclosed configuration at or near the distal end of the first tube. 54.(canceled)
 55. (canceled)
 56. The method of claim 53, wherein providingis carried out with the work element comprises a first articulable beakand a second articulable beak and wherein parting off is carried outwith at least one of the first and second articulable beaks closingagainst the other one of the first and second articulable beaks.
 57. Themethod of claim 53, wherein providing is carried out with the distal endof the tube comprising a scoopula-shaped portion and with the at leastone articulable beak pressing against the scoopula-shaped portion as itassumes the closed configuration.
 58. (canceled)
 59. The method of claim53, wherein providing is carried out with the outer tube furthercomprising a curved slot defined in the outer tube and the devicefurther comprising a rivet element coupled to the work element, themethod further comprising the rivet element entraining the work elementin both rotation and translation as the rivet is moved along a pathdefined by the curved slot.
 60. The method of claim 53, whereinproviding is carried out with the device further comprising at least onetendon coupled to the at least one articulable beak, the at least onetendon causing the at least first articulable beak to close when thework element is at or near the distal end of the outer tube. 61.(canceled)
 62. (canceled)